Low- or high-tech materials used to supplement written or spoken elements in lessons. Low-tech visual aids include materials like word walls, magazine cut-outs, realia, and graphic organizers. High-tech visual aids include materials like video, blogs, wikis, and video chat.

A sound feature produced by the vibration of the larynx (vocal cords). Sounds are voiceless when vibration is absent. For example, If you have your students touch their larynx at the same time as saying /z/ or /v/, they will feel a vibration. On the other hand, if they say /s/ or /f/, no vibration will be felt. All English vowels are voiced, but some consonants are voiced while others are not.