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Glossary

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C

CLT

Communicative Language Teaching. CLT is a teaching approach that emphasizes interaction between students or between student(s) and teacher(s). The approach emphasizes use of authentic real-world communication for meaningful purposes.

CMC

Computer-Mediated Communication. Refers to using computer technology, such as web chat programs or web conferencing tools (e.g., Zoom, Skype), to communicate with others.

Cognate

A word having the same derivation in two languages and that is similar in both languages, not only in meaning, but also in spelling and pronunciation; “information” is a cognate of the Spanish word “información”.

Collocations

Words that tend to be associated with each other, or co-occur in sentences, such as salt and pepper, up and down, wedding vows, etc. Collocates are important in EFL because they help to explain why some learner language is grammatically correct and the meaning is apparent, yet the utterance seems strange and not something natives usually say.

Communicative Approach

A set of principles about teaching where the focus is on meaningful communication not structure.

Communicative Competence

Understanding and using language effectively (e.g., the student listens actively, initiates conversation, and maintains speech with peers) in an authentic school or social situation.

Communicative Output

Output-based tasks (e.g., role play activities or paragraph-writing tasks) in a lesson that requires the use of target language.

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