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Glossary

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G

Grammar Translation Method

This method was used a long time ago in the teaching of Latin. The method focuses on translating grammatical forms and learning rules. Its focus is on accuracy and not fluency.

Grammatical Form

The written or spoken pattern of the grammatical structure. For example, the form of the present continuous is subject + am/is/are + verb-ing (“Anna is singing”).

Grammatical Meaning

The semantic meaning of a grammar structure. For example, the sentence “Anna is singing” includes the present continuous, which communicates that the action started before now and is occurring at the present moment.

Grammatical Use

The pragmatic use of a grammatical structure. For example, one common use of present continuous is the description of a photograph or drawing: “In this picture, the kids are playing a game of soccer. It is raining.”

Graphic Organizers

Classroom visual aids including tables, Venn diagrams, charts, timelines, and any graphic representation of a relationship between a set of ideas.

H

Holistic scoring

A scoring procedure typically used in writing assessment in which the reader reacts to the student’s composition as a whole. A single score is awarded to the writing.

I

Idiom

A group of words that, via usage, has established a special meaning apart from the individual words within; the idiom “let the cat out of the bag” has nothing to do with feline animals being released from captivity, but rather means “to reveal a secret.”

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