Teaching English as a Foreign Language. Typically geared toward learning the language for specific purposes such as business and is learned by students living in non-English-speaking countries.

Teaching English as a Second Language. Typically geared toward learning the language for everyday purposes and is learned by students living in English-speaking countries.

Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages. Refers to the field of professionals who teach English in a country where English is the primary language.

Test of English as a Foreign Language. An English proficiency test for non-native English language speakers wishing to enroll in U.S. universities.

Language learning that starts with an understanding of language before proceeding to break down complex concepts into the most basic parts of language.

Total Physical Response. A teaching technique whereby a learner responds to language input with body motions: “Stand up,” “Sit down,” “Put the pen on the table.” This technique was devised by James Asher.